Temps d'accélération de 0 à 100 km/h de la GMC Sierra 2500HD
Aimez-vous la sensation de votre dos pressé contre le siège et êtes-vous curieux de connaître les temps d'accélération de l'Sierra 2500HD de 0 à 100 km/h ? Nous satisferons votre curiosité sur ce sujet. Découvrez-en davantage sur l'accélération de pointe de l'Sierra 2500HD de 0 à 100 kilomètres par heure. Vous pouvez comparer l'évolution des temps d'accélération de l'Sierra 2500HD de 0 à 100 km/h sur toutes les versions et années. De plus, considérez les spécifications de performance du quart de mile de la GMC Sierra 2500HD.
Comparer des voitures est vraiment amusant. Étant donné que le temps d'accélération de 0 à 100 km/h est considéré comme la norme d'or des performances des voitures, mettons l'Sierra 2500HD face à ses concurrents en analysant les données d'accélération de 0 à 100 km/h et d'un quart de mile.
Nous avons créé des calculs de temps d'accélération propriétaires pratiques pour l'Sierra 2500HD 0-100 que nous basions sur les sources les plus précises, y compris les manuels du fabricant. Bien que les données soient des estimations, elles vous aideront à faire les bonnes comparaisons. Vous pouvez maintenant vérifier commodément des statistiques détaillées et exactes sur les temps d'accélération Sierra 2500HD 0-100 pour autant de modèles et d'années que vous le souhaitez.
Bien que vous ne puissiez jamais atteindre les temps d'accélération officiels de l'Sierra 2500HD 0-100, c'est au moins l'indicateur parfait de la puissance du moteur. Pour votre propre commodité, nous avons également fourni des critiques vidéo précises de 0 à 100 à partir des tableaux de bord de l'Sierra 2500HD. De plus, nous écoutons le son du moteur de votre véhicule et déterminons le bruit du tuyau d'échappement.
Modules complémentaires sur mesure
2022 GMC Sierra 2500HD Temps de 0 à 100
Tailler / Élaguer | Temps de 0 à 100 km/h, quart de mile |
Pro 4x2 Regular Cab 8 ft. box 141.6 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6105lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, rear-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
SLE 4x4 Double Cab 8 ft. box 162.5 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6829lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, four-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
Denali 4x4 Crew Cab 6.75 ft. box 158.9 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6852lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, four-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
AT4 4x4 Crew Cab 8 ft. box 172 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6950lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, four-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
AT4 4x4 Crew Cab 6.75 ft. box 158.9 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6852lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, four-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
SLT 4x4 Crew Cab 8 ft. box 172 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6950lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, four-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
SLT 4x4 Crew Cab 6.75 ft. box 158.9 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6852lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, four-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
SLT 4x4 Double Cab 8 ft. box 162.5 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6858lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, four-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
SLT 4x4 Double Cab 6.75 ft. box 149.4 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6765lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, four-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
SLT 4x2 Crew Cab 8 ft. box 172 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6662lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, rear-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
SLT 4x2 Crew Cab 6.75 ft. box 158.9 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6562lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, rear-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
SLT 4x2 Double Cab 8 ft. box 162.5 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6570lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, rear-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
SLT 4x2 Double Cab 6.75 ft. box 149.4 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6450lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, rear-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
SLE 4x4 Crew Cab 8 ft. box 172 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6922lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, four-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
SLE 4x4 Crew Cab 6.75 ft. box 158.9 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6824lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, four-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
SLE 4x4 Double Cab 6.75 ft. box 149.4 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6736lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, four-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
Pro 4x2 Double Cab 6.75 ft. box 149.4 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6421lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, rear-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
SLE 4x2 Crew Cab 8 ft. box 172 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6633lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, rear-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
SLE 4x2 Crew Cab 6.75 ft. box 158.9 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6533lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, rear-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
SLE 4x4 Regular Cab 8 ft. box 141.6 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6418lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, four-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
SLE 4x2 Double Cab 8 ft. box 162.5 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6542lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, rear-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
SLE 4x2 Double Cab 6.75 ft. box 149.4 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6421lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, rear-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
SLE 4x2 Regular Cab 8 ft. box 141.6 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6105lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, rear-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
Pro 4x4 Crew Cab 8 ft. box 172 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6922lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, four-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
Pro 4x4 Crew Cab 6.75 ft. box 158.9 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6824lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, four-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
Pro 4x4 Double Cab 8 ft. box 162.5 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6829lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, four-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
Pro 4x4 Double Cab 6.75 ft. box 149.4 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6736lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, four-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
Pro 4x2 Crew Cab 8 ft. box 172 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6633lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, rear-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
Pro 4x2 Crew Cab 6.75 ft. box 158.9 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6533lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, rear-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
Pro 4x4 Regular Cab 8 ft. box 141.6 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6418lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, four-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
Pro 4x2 Double Cab 8 ft. box 162.5 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6542lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, rear-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
Denali 4x4 Crew Cab 8 ft. box 172 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6950lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, four-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
2021 GMC Sierra 2500HD Temps de 0 à 100
Tailler / Élaguer | Temps de 0 à 100 km/h, quart de mile |
Base 4x2 Regular Cab 8 ft. box 141.6 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6105lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, rear-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
SLE 4x4 Double Cab 8 ft. box 162.5 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6829lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, four-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
Denali 4x4 Crew Cab 6.75 ft. box 158.9 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6852lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, four-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
AT4 4x4 Crew Cab 8 ft. box 172 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6950lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, four-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
AT4 4x4 Crew Cab 6.75 ft. box 158.9 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6852lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, four-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
SLT 4x4 Crew Cab 8 ft. box 172 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6950lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, four-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
SLT 4x4 Crew Cab 6.75 ft. box 158.9 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6852lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, four-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
SLT 4x4 Double Cab 8 ft. box 162.5 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6858lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, four-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
SLT 4x4 Double Cab 6.75 ft. box 149.4 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6765lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, four-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
SLT 4x2 Crew Cab 8 ft. box 172 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6662lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, rear-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
SLT 4x2 Crew Cab 6.75 ft. box 158.9 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6562lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, rear-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
SLT 4x2 Double Cab 8 ft. box 162.5 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6570lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, rear-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
SLT 4x2 Double Cab 6.75 ft. box 149.4 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6450lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, rear-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
SLE 4x4 Crew Cab 8 ft. box 172 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6922lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, four-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
SLE 4x4 Crew Cab 6.75 ft. box 158.9 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6824lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, four-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
SLE 4x4 Double Cab 6.75 ft. box 149.4 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6736lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, four-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
Base 4x2 Double Cab 6.75 ft. box 149.4 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6421lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, rear-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
SLE 4x2 Crew Cab 8 ft. box 172 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6633lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, rear-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
SLE 4x2 Crew Cab 6.75 ft. box 158.9 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6533lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, rear-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
SLE 4x4 Regular Cab 8 ft. box 141.6 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6418lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, four-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
SLE 4x2 Double Cab 8 ft. box 162.5 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6542lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, rear-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
SLE 4x2 Double Cab 6.75 ft. box 149.4 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6421lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, rear-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
SLE 4x2 Regular Cab 8 ft. box 141.6 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6105lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, rear-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
Base 4x4 Crew Cab 8 ft. box 172 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6922lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, four-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
Base 4x4 Crew Cab 6.75 ft. box 158.9 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6824lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, four-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
Base 4x4 Double Cab 8 ft. box 162.5 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6829lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, four-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
Base 4x4 Double Cab 6.75 ft. box 149.4 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6736lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, four-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
Base 4x2 Crew Cab 8 ft. box 172 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6633lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, rear-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
Base 4x2 Crew Cab 6.75 ft. box 158.9 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6533lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, rear-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
Base 4x4 Regular Cab 8 ft. box 141.6 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6418lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, four-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
Base 4x2 Double Cab 8 ft. box 162.5 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6542lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, rear-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
Denali 4x4 Crew Cab 8 ft. box 172 in. WB 401 Chevaux (CV), 464 Lb-Ft., intercooled turbo, 6950lbs Weight, DuraLife 4-wheel disc, four-wheel, 6-spd auto transmission |
6.5 secondes, 15 secondes |
GMC Sierra 2500HD Temps de 0 à 100
Année d'un modèle | Temps de 0 à 100 | Temps de 1/4 de mile |
2022 | 6.5 secondes |
15 secondes |
2021 | 6.5 secondes |
15 secondes |
2020 | 6.5 secondes |
15 secondes |
2019 | 7.3 secondes |
15 secondes |
2018 | 7.3 secondes |
15 secondes |
2017 | 7 - 7.8 secondes |
15.6 secondes @ 89 mph - 16.2 secondes @ 78 mph |
2016 | 7.2 - 8 secondes |
15.3 secondes @ 92 mph - 17.8 secondes @ 88 mph |
2015 | 7.2 - 8 secondes |
15.3 secondes @ 92 mph - 16 secondes @ 88 mph |
2014 | 7.1 - 7.9 secondes |
15.2 secondes @ 92 mph - 15.9 secondes @ 88 mph |
2013 | 6.7 - 7.7 secondes |
15.2 secondes @ 93 mph - 16 secondes @ 88 mph |
2012 | 6.7 - 7.7 secondes |
15.2 secondes @ 93 mph - 16 secondes @ 88 mph |
2011 | 6.6 - 7.7 secondes |
15.1 secondes @ 94 mph - 16 secondes @ 88 mph |
2010 | 6.3 - 7.2 secondes |
14.9 secondes @ 95 mph - 15.7 secondes @ 91 mph |
2009 | 6.3 - 7.3 secondes |
14.9 secondes @ 95 mph - 15.7 secondes @ 90 mph |
2008 | 6.4 - 7.4 secondes |
15 secondes @ 95 mph - 15.8 secondes @ 90 mph |
2007 | 6.4 - 7.4 secondes |
15 secondes @ 95 mph - 15.8 secondes @ 90 mph |
2006 | 7.8 - 8.9 secondes |
15.8 secondes @ 88 mph - 16.7 secondes @ 83 mph |
2005 | 7.9 - 9.1 secondes |
15.8 secondes @ 87 mph - 16.8 secondes @ 83 mph |
2004 | 7.7 - 9.1 secondes |
15.7 secondes @ 87 mph - 16.8 secondes @ 83 mph |
2003 | 7.8 - 9.1 secondes |
15.7 secondes @ 87 mph - 16.8 secondes @ 83 mph |
2002 | 7 - 8.2 secondes |
15.7 secondes @ 0 mph - 16.8 secondes @ 0 mph |
2001 | 7 - 8.6 secondes |
15.5 secondes @ 0 mph - 17.8 secondes @ 0 mph |
Concurrents de la GMC Sierra 2500HD de 0 à 100
-
RAM 2500 Temps de 0 à 100
- 0-60 6 - 6.6 secondes
-
Dodge Ram 2500 Temps de 0 à 100
- 0-60 6.9 - 8.5 secondes
- quart de mile 15 secondes @ 93 - 16.3 @ 89 mph
-
Ford F-250 Temps de 0 à 100
- 0-60 7.2 - 8.2 secondes
- quart de mile 15.5 secondes
Souhaitez-vous gagner quelques droits de fanfaronnade ? C'est simple. Testez simplement les temps d'accélération de votre GMC Sierra 2500HD, bien sûr, de manière sans les mains et entièrement automatisée. De plus, publiez le temps de 0 à 100 de l'Sierra 2500HD sur votre tableau des classements.
Le tableau des classements affichera une précision à la milliseconde et votre position par rapport aux autres utilisateurs en temps réel. De plus, il enregistrera pour vous de nombreux temps d'accélération de différents modèles.Entretoise de corps de papillon
Corps papillon
Prise d'air froid
Programmeur de performances
Systèmes d'échappement et silencieux
Turbocompresseur
Protoxyde d'azote (Nitro)

Spécifications du GMC Sierra 2500HD
Performance
Temps de 0 à 100 |
Mises à jour |
Extérieure
Roues |
Wheel Interchange |
Ampoules |
Dimensions |
Garde au sol |
Poids |
Mises à jour |
Intérieure
La taille des haut-parleurs |
Mises à jour |
Entretien
Capacité de remorquage |
Taille des essuie-glaces |
Taille du réservoir |
Taille de la benne de camion |
Cotes de sécurité |
Plaintes |
Générations |
Mises à jour |
Manuals |
Discussion